During the last ten years the power supply industry in Europe has been a subject of liberalization, which has changed fundamental rules of the power system operation and trade of energy. The first directive on market liberalization was issued in 1996 opening the door to the development of the electricity markets in European Community countries.

The second directive EC/54/2003 aims at the entirely free trade of electricity allowing all customers including households to select the electricity supplier in 2007. The directive has also introduced unbundling resulting in the separation of competitive trade of electricity and regulated network services. The regulation 1228/2003 opens electricity markets to international trade.
The lecture discuss the impact of the liberalization introduced by the European Commission on the power supply industry and electricity customers. The following topics are presented:

The Directive EC/54/2003 and its major regulations
Electricity markets as a universal measure to reduce the cost of production and delivery
Crossborder power flow and trade
Distributed generation and renewable energy sources
New challenges for:

o Power producers

o Transmission system operators

o Distribution system operators

o Electricity users

o Research and Academia

o IT technologies

The analysis is illustrated by examples from various European countries.

Plenary Lecture 4

Prof. Dr-Eng. Christian Bouquegneau

Faculté Polytechnique de Mons, Belgium

Abstract

The mechanism of thunderbolts development was not known one century ago; it is nowadays thanks to great technological improvements applied to measurements. In a cloud-to-ground discharge, the return stroke is upward though the leader can be either downward or upward, either negative or positive. Special attention is given to the negative ground flash formation and the attachment process. Up to date distributions of lightning peak currents and other current parameters are presented and comments made on thunderclouds, electrosphere phenomena (thunderstorms contribute to the electrical equilibrium of the Earth) and the lightning flash density around the world.
Four ways of studying lightning are emphasized:

in the high-voltage laboratory the formation and the initial propagation of the positive upward leader is simulated (estimation of the electric fields parameters)
by artificially triggered lightning in open air with a small rocket trailing a conducting wire, an insulated wire or a mixed conductor-insulator wire (validation of the previous parameters)
the actual phenomenon can be detected and observed with electro-optical devices or other instrumented lightning rods
mathematical models help us to better understand the lightning protection efficiency (from the electrical characteristics of the concerned leaders estimated in the laboratory and validated in nature) in the competition between various leaders

Facing the future, a lot of research work has to be done to solve numerous unknowns:

we do not have enough experimental data to distinguish between the characteristics of the three types of cloud discharges: intracloud, intercloud and cloud-to-air flashe
the mechanisms of formation and cloud electrification are not completely known
the detailed physics of the preliminary breakdown and following sequences of the flash is not complete
we do not possess enough data on natural lightning around the world

All these subjects will be covered with a special emphasize on our missing knowledge and future research!

ROOM A’:
5^th International WSEAS Conference on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility

SPECIAL SESSION: Power Quality and Competitive Practices

System for Monitoring the Energy Flow in Electrical Stations	Mircea Dobriceanu, Alexandru Bitoleanu, Mihaela Popescu, Gabriel Vladut	498-398
Analysis of Costs of Reliability of Electrical Equipment in Hydroelectric Power Stations	M. Smon, D. Goricanec	498-634
The Reference Current Calculation and Performances of Active Power Filters	Alexandru Bitoleanu, Mihaela Popescu	498-216

ROOM A’:
5^th International WSEAS Conference on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility

Lightning Interception on Elevated Building	Sonia Ait-Amar, Gerard Berger	498-780
Methods and Models for Decision-Making Support at Emergency Events in Power Systems	Yevgen Biletskiy, Valentina Chikina, Andriy Yerokhin, Oleg Grib, Dmitro Kaluzhny, Genadiy Senderovich	498-693
Simulation of prebreakdown phenomena in air gaps of rod plane configuration of electrodes	V. P. Charalambakos, C. P. Stamatelatos, D. P. Agoris, E. C. Pyrgioti	498-662
Single-Phase AC/DC PWM Converter with Output Voltage Cell Performance Characteristic for Four-Quadrant AC Traction Systems	Davide Fonseca, Carlos Cabrita, Maria Calado	498-633
Mathematical model of a multi-phase active power filter based on multi-phase bridge elements	Vladimir Belov, Nikolay Paldyaev, Alf Johansson, Peter Leisner, Ilja Belov	498-616
A Matlab / Simulink Model of an Active Power Filter Based on Multi-Stage Inverter Architecture	Vladimir Belov, Nikolay Paldyaev, Alexey Shamaev, Alf Johansson, Peter Leisner, Ilja Belov	498-610
Building Simulation Modeling Environments	Gianluca Fabbri, Eleonora Nisticò, Ezio Santini	498-774

ROOM A’:
5^th International WSEAS Conference on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility

SESSION: Power System Stability and Fault Detection

Challenges and Trends of Restructuring Power Systems due to Deregulation	E. A. Androulidakis, A. T. Alexandridis, H. E. Psillakis, D. P. Agoris	498-784
Online Detection of Out-Of-Step Operation Based on Prony Analysis-Impedance Relaying	K. AL-Tallaq, E. Feilat	498-669
High-speed Reclosing using Energy Function in Power System	Kazuto Yukita, Junya Fujita, Tadashi Hosoe, Yasuyuki Goto, Katsuhiro Ichiyanagi, Yoshibumi Mizutani	498-594
Promulgating of Voltage Fluctuations Along Practical Power Distribution Systems	Qian Ai, Danzhen Gu, Chuanwen Jiang, Chen Chen	498-551
Line Selection Diagnosis Based on Dyadic Wavelet and Current Fault Record Data From One-End	Quanming Yue, Weiyong Yu, Huazhen Zheng, Chuanwen Jiang	498-530
An Improved Method for Determining Voltage Collapse Proximity of Radial Distribution Networks	A. Augugliaro, L. Dusonchet, S. Favuzza, S. Mangione	498-472
A Fast Direct Method for the Calculation of HOPF Bifurcation Point of Dynamic Voltage Stability in Power System	Li Hong-Zhong, Cheng Hao-Zhong, Wang Cheng-Min	498-471
Detection and Analysis of Transients in Electrical Networks Based on a Multiresolution Scheme	A. Legarreta, A. Gomez, C. D'Attellis, A. Carabio	498-403
Effective Contingency Ranking Based on Composite Indices	Saied Jalilzadeh, Shahram Jadid	498-340

Wednesday, August 24, 2005

ROOM A’:
5^th International WSEAS Conference on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility

SESSION: Electromagnetic Compatibility

Discharge Geometry behavior in negative corona at atmospheric pressure on a cylindrical arrangement	Liliana Arévalo, Marley Becerra, Francisco Román	498-572
Discharge Geometry behavior in a positive corona simulation in a non uniform coaxial arrangement	Liliana Arévalo, Marley Becerra, Francisco Román	498-571
Electric and magnetic field generated by electric equipments. Influences upon the environment	Ungureanu Marilena, Cristescu D., Codruta Roman, Rosca Raluca	498-525
Lightning current parameters-correlations and derived statistics	Ileana Baran	498-486
Exact Analysis of non uniform coupled transmissions lines by numerical solution of Hill's equation	M. Boussalem, J. David, F. Choubani, R. Crampagne	498-305
A power line radio and ultrasonic interference environmental study	I.S. Halkiadis	498-295
Experiment to Visualize Equipotential Lines in a Real Complex Circuitry	Damien Voyer, Jacques David, Hervé Aubert	498-227

ROOM A’:
5^th International WSEAS Conference on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility

SESSION: Advances in Electrical Machines, Power Electronics and Measurement Systems I

A New Optically Isolated Wideband High Voltage Measurement System	Gyung-suk Kil, Jae-yong Song, A Haddad	498-219
An Arrester Diagnosis by Measurement of Surface Temperature	Gyung-suk Kil, Ju-seop Han, Jae-Yong Song, Mun-sup Han, Dong-uk Jang	498-393
Suppression of Corona in Stator Winding of Synchronous Machines	Daniel Mayer	498-312
Transformer Management System	Guilherme A. D. Dias, Roberto Ostermann, Milton Layher, Odilo Gewher, Samuel Correa, Daniel Gazzana, Marcos Telló, Cristina dos Santos, Bianco Santana	498-171
The Laplace transform based frequency analysis in four-switch space-vector modulated VSI	Jiri Klima	498-181
Misoperation of the Differential Protection During the Dynamic Processes of Faults in the Secondary Protection circuit. Differential protection modeling with MATLAB software and fault simulation	Kadri Kadriu, Gazmend Kabashi, Luan Ahma	498-247
Comparative Analysis of Conventional Synchronous Machines and a Synchronous Machine Constructed According to the Slot Cutting Conception	Ziolko Kazimierz	498-256
Voltage feed welding transformer at no-load	Bogomir Zidaric, Mirko Kelec, Tomaž Sobocan, Peter Kokelj, Damijan Miljavec	498-265
Modeling of Conduction and Switching Losses in Three-Phase Asymmetric Multi-Level Cascaded Inverter	S. Hamid Fathi, Hosseini Aghdam	498-266
Turbo Blower for 80 kW Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Vehicle	Y.B. Lee, C.H. Kim, S. Y. Ahn, Y. M. Choi , B.K. Ahn, Justin Oh	498-271

ROOM A’:
5^th International WSEAS Conference on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility

SESSION: Tuning and Optimization in Power Systems

A New Optimal Planning Based Method for Reactive Power Pricing in Power Systems	Ahad Kazemi, Heydarali Shayanfar, Jamshid Aghaei, Mahdi Karami	498-155
Backtraking Search Method for the Optimal Restoration of Distribution System During Cold Load Pickup	Shahram Jadid, Ahad Kazemi, Mohammad Yousefi	498-165
An Interactive Best-Compromise Approach for Capacitor Placement and Sizing in Distribution Feeder by Using Particle Swarm Optimization	Cheng-chien Kuo, Shieh-shing Lin, Chun-liang Hsu, Po-hung Chen	498-231
Prony-RBFNN approach for tuning power system	E. A. Feilat	498-264
Determination of Consumers' Load Profiles based on Two-stage Fuzzy C-Means	K L Lo, Z Zakaria, M H Sohod	498-411
AGC Tuning of an Interconnected System after Deregulation Using Genetic Algorithms	Yannis Karnavas	498-453
A Fine Load Forecasting Using Neural Networks and Fuzzy Neural Networks	Gaddam Mallesham, A. N. Jha	498-526
Procedure for Capacitor Utilization Improvement Intended for Reactive Power Compensation in Networks with High Order Harmonics	Miloje Kostic, Aleksandar Nikolic	498-085

ROOM A’:
5^th International WSEAS Conference on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility

SESSION: High Voltage Applications

Impact on power supply systems by electric arc furnaces simultaneously operating	Danzhen Gu, Qian Ai, Chen Chen, Wen Gu	498-625
Effect of Absolute Humidity on Flashover Voltage of Insulators	Kazuhiro Hidaka, Yukio Mizuno, Katsuhiko Naito, Osamu Fujii	498-092
Compact model of a combined overhead-cable line for ground fault application transfer analysis	S. Mangione	498-562
The role of Semiconductor Devices in High Power Circuit Breaker Applications	Noel Y A Shammas	498-423
A Top-down Approach to Partial Discharge Recognition of Current Transformers	Ying-Piao Kuo, Chun-Yao Lee, Jin-Wei Shiu, Hong-Chan Chang	498-395
Resonant Converter Power Supply for Arc Welding Application	Ibrahim Al-Bahadly, Marli Saffar	498-328
Diagnostics of electric power equipment by discriminating signals coming from different sources	Cipriano Bartoletti, Stefano Ricci, Giancarlo Sacerdoti, Giuseppe Fazio, Francesco Muzi	498-320
Remote Assessment & Monitoring of Flicker Indices in a Large Power System	Mahmoud Mazadi, Seid Hossein Hosseinian	498-234

ROOM B’:
5^th International WSEAS Conference on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility

SESSION: Power Systems Control: Theory and Applications

An Efficient Variable Speed Control of a Rotary Milking Platform	Ibrahim Al-Bahadly, Gregory Bryant	498-327
Modified Vector Control for Saturated Induction Machine by Considering a Series Iron Losses Equivalent Circuit	Moulahoum Samir, Touhami Omar, Rezzoug Abderezzak, Baghli Lotfi	498-371
Application of vector control based methods for unified power flow controllers	Shahram Jadid, Ali Badri	498-381
Sensorless Speed Control of Induction Motor Derives Using a Robust and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Based Intelligent Controller	bolfazl Vahedi, Farzan Rashidi	498-554
Computer Analyses and Practical Solution of Mobile Electrical Power Sources With VSCF Technology	Jan Leuchter, Otakar Kurka, Vitezslav Stekly	498-560
Object Oriented Programming of Logic Controllers (OOPLC)	José Roger Folch, Juan Pérez Cruz, Manuel Pineda Sánchez, Rubén Puche Panadero, Emilio Aragó Ramos	498-095
Using Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) to Realize Distance Protection	Abdallah.R.Al-Zyoud, Mazouz.A.Salahat	498-673
Identification of Operation Modes and Emergency Events in Power Systems	Yevgen Biletskiy, Valentina Chikina, Andriy Yerokhin, Oleg Grib, Dmitro Kaluzhny, Genadiy Senderovich	498-690
A hierarchical control system of an HVDC link based on VSCs for limitation of fault disturbances	X. Koutiva, T. Vrionis, N. A. Vovos, G. B. Giannakopoulos	498-711

ROOM B’:
5^th International WSEAS Conference on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility

SESSION: Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution I

Penetration of Hydrogen in Distillate as a Result of Hermetic Disturbance on the Cooling System of the Stator Winding on Turbo-Generator Type TVV-200-2A	Toni Paspalovski, Damjan Hristovski, Dragan Hristovski	498-651
The role of SVC on power quality and suppressing the possible resonance inside the SVC by active filters in distribution systems	Ahad Kazemi, Rouzbeh Sarafraz	498-199
The Electric Energy Market in Greece: New Aspects and Trends	Pandelis Biskas, Petros Christodoulou, Michail Pazarskis	498-280
Implementation of Performance Based Regulation in Distribution of Electricity in Croatia	Eraldo Banovac, Ivona Stritof	498-364
Electricity Market Development and Security of Supply in South East Europe	Goran Majstrovic, Davor Bajs	498-430
Southeast Europe Transmission Network Under Future Market Conditions	Davor Bajs, Goran Majstrovic	498-436
Blinding of feeder protection caused by distributed generation in distribution network	Kari Mϊki, Sami Repo, Pertti Jϊrventausta	498-455
Torque and power limitations of a shunt connected inverter based WECS	Alon Kuperman, Raul Rabinovici, George Weiss	498-469

Thursday, August 25, 2005

ROOM A’:
5^th International WSEAS Conference on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility

SPECIAL SESSION: Effects of EM Field on Biological Systems

Electromagnetic Fields Detectability in Stochastic HH-Like Neuronal System: Stochastic Resonance Paradigm Dependent on Biological Noise	Matteo Giannì, Alessandra Paffi, Micaela Liberti, Francesca Apollonio, Monica Pellegrino, Guglielmo d'Inzeo	498-769
Adverse Health Effects of ELF and RF Electromagnetic Fields that Serve as Basis for Setting Safety Limits	G. Filippopoulos, E. Karabetsos	498-491
Study on Evaluation of Induced Current within a Human Body by Electromagnetic Field of a Mobile Phone	Soji Kojima, Yasuo Nishikori	498-182

ROOM A’:
5^th International WSEAS Conference on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility

SESSION: Modelling and Simulation in Power Systems

Electric Equivalent Circuit Model of an Alkaline Fuel Cell	Matthias Durr, Sinclair Gair, Andrew Cruden, Jim Mc Donald	498-600
Modeling and Control of C-UPFC for Power System Transient Studies	A. Ajami, S. H. Hosseini, S. Khanmohammadi, B. Gharehpetian	498-527
A New Method for Calculating of Electric Fields Around or Inside Any Arbitrary Shape Electrode Configuration	Murtaza Farsadi, Ozcan Kalenderli	498-461

ROOM A’:
5^th International WSEAS Conference on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility

SESSION: Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution II

Interconnection of the Cycladic Islands to the Mainland Grid	M. Papadopoulos, N. Boulaxis, M. Tsili, S. Papathanasiou	498-P1
Reliability Indices of Electrical Distributed Generation Systems	Yasser G. Hegazy, Mahmoud A. Mostafa	498-768
Gas Pipeline Accumulated Energy for Peak Shaving Power Plants	Igor Poljanšek	498-523
Training for Power System Performance with Distributed Wind Power Generation	Udo Spanel, Carsten Roggatz, Thales Papazoglou	498-532
Integration of Wind-Turbine Generators (WTGs) into Hybrid Distributed Generation Systems in Extreme Northern Climates	Richard W. Wies, Ronald A. Johnson, Ashish N. Agrawal	498-592
Reengineering of Systems Operation; A Solution to the Challenges in the Deregulated Market Environment – I	M. Farooq Aslam, Tehzeebul Hassan, Tabrez A. Shami	498-605
Reengineering of Systems Operation; A Solution to the Challenges in the Deregulated Market Environment – II	M. Farooq Aslam, Tehzeebul Hassan, Tabrez A. Shami	498-606
A Novel Information Model for Distribution Energy Production	Vesa Nyrhilä, Teemu Mäenpää, Matti Linna, Erkki Antila	498-619
Impact of Distributed Generation on Italian Distribution Network Protection	D. Ardito, S. Conti, N. Messina, S. Nicotra	498-733
An Efficient Procedure for Solving Radial Distribution Networks through the Backward/Forward Method	A. Augugliaro, L. Dusonchet, S. Favuzza, M. G. Ippolito, E. Riva Sanseverino	498-514

ROOM A’:
5^th International WSEAS Conference on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility

SESSION: Advances in Electrical Machines, Power Electronics and Measurement Systems II

DC And AC aging of HV encapsulated flyback transformers	E. A. Feilat	498-277
Temperature Factor for the Accurate Calculation of LV Cables	M. A. Rodríguez Pozueta, Luis Fernando Mantilla Peñalba, Jose Ramón Landeras Díaz	498-283
Development of BLDC Motor using Metal Powdered Core for 42V Fan Application of Hybrid Electric Vehicle	Jin Hur,Ha-gyeong Sung,Jung-pyo Hong	498-341
Asynchronous generator cooperation with battery	Vít Bršlica	498-748
Selection of Diagnostic Parameters in Return Voltage Measurements of Medium Voltage Cables	Rainer Patsch, Oleg Kouzmine	498-431
Experimental Verification of a Space Vector Modulation Technique for NPC Inverters	Armando Bellini, Stefano Bifaretti	498-433
A new single-phase static PFC inverter using pre-calculated switching angles	Kamal Meghriche, Omar Mansouri, Abderrezzak Cherifi	498-495
The Linear Switched Reluctance Actuator Functional Performance. A Basis to the Effectiveness on Control Design	Maria R. A. Calado, António E. Espírito-Santo, Carlos M. P. Cabrita	498-504

ROOM B’:
5^th International WSEAS Conference on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility

SESSION: Advances in Electrical Machines, Power Electronics and Measurement Systems III

Electrical machines with nanocomposite structure parts	Janush Danilevich, Anna Ivanova, Irina Kruchinina, Yuvenaly Khozikov	498-544
The Application of Rough Set Theory in Condition Assessment on Power Transformer	Zhang Weizheng, Li Yanming, Yang Lanjun	498-580
Rotor design of line-start synchronous reluctance motor to improve starting performance	Seung-Hyoung Ha, Jung-Pyo Hong, Ji-Young Lee, Hyuk Nam, Gyu-Hong Kang	498-613
Transient and Static Modeling of Tubular Linear Induction Motors	Reza Haghmaram, Abbas Sholaie	498-629
Static and Dynamic Load Generator based on Induction Motor	Hossein Azizi, A.Vahedi and G. H. Papi	498-695
Study of AC Line Voltage Disturbance on the Direct Power Controlled PWM Rectifier	Hossein Azizi, A.Vahedi and G. H. Papi	498-697
A Resistance Emulation Technique To Improve Efficiency of a PWM Adjustable Speed Drive with Passive Power Factor Correction	Rosario Carbone, Antonino Scappatura	498-699
Characterisation of a Ring-Wound Variable Reluctance Motor	Ibrahim Al-Bahadly	498-326
Design of the Pole Placement Controller for D-STATCOM in Mitigating Three Phase Fault	Norman Mariun, Shamsul Aizam, Hashim Hizam, Noor Izzri Abd Wahab	494-210
Detailed model Parameters Estimation of Transformer HV Winding Based on Neural Networks	Mehdi Sadeghian Lemraski, Mahmood Hosseini Aliabadi	497-438